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| 1953 |
| | | Black American Malcolm Little, who has joined the Nation of Islam while in prison, adopts the surname X to symbolize his rejection of his slave name | |
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| 1954 |
| | | Nasser escapes an assassination attempt by the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Civil war breaks out in Sudan between the Muslim north and the Christian south | |
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| 1962 |
| | | Ruhollah Khomeini, a leading ayatollah in Qom, denounces the Shah of Iran and declares a fatwa against his regime | |
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| 1963 |
| | | Ayatollah Khomeini is arrested in Qom, and imprisoned for eight months in Tehran, after instigating riots against the Shah | |
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| 1965 |
| | | Black activist and convert to Islam Malcolm X is assassinated when giving a speech in the Audubon Ballroom in New York | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Demonstrations take place throughout Iran, demanding Islamic rule under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini | |
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| 1979 |
| | | An Islamic revolution forces the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to flee from Iran | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Ayatollah Khomeini receives a rapturous welcome on his return to Iran to head the Islamic Revolutionary Committee | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Communist measures in Afghanistan provoke a Muslim jihad and the murder of more than 100 Russians in Herat | |
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